Medical Park Hospital Group

In the Medical Park Oncology Department, doctors perform high-precision cancer diagnostics with the latest equipment, which allows for an accurate diagnosis at an early stage and assessment of the course of prescribed therapy. Experienced oncologists actively cooperate with colleagues from other departments to draw up an individual treatment plan. This is why hundreds of patients travel to Turkey for cancer treatment at Medical Park.

In Turkey, oncologists annually improve their qualifications with European and American colleagues.

The Medical Park Cancer Center successfully diagnoses and treats blood, breast, genitourinary, lung, colon, stomach, brain and spinal cord cancers, intraperitoneal cancers, leukemia and other types of diseases in both children and adults.

To fight cancer, Medical Park uses:

At Medical Park Group, experienced doctors perform bone marrow transplants with guaranteed results. There are also clinical trial programs for high-dose chemotherapy and long-term positive results from bone marrow transplants.

The multidisciplinary bone marrow transplant team includes experienced doctors, nurses, pharmacists, social workers and administrators who specialize in all aspects of stem cell transplantation.

In Turkey, doctors follow modern European and American treatment protocols and create specialized programs with doctors from other departments to treat each patient safely and effectively.

The Bone Marrow Transplant Unit is certified by the Turkish Ministry of Health and EBMT (European Bone Marrow Transplant Society) to perform autologous, allogeneic, and unrelated transplants.

Autologous bone marrow transplantation at Medical Park
Transplantation of a patient's own stem cells. In Turkey this method is used for lymphoma, multiple myeloma, germ cell tumors and acute leukemia.

Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation at Medical Park
This method involves the transplantation of stem cells taken from a compatible donor. At Medical Park, the patient's immune system is replaced.
In Turkey it is most commonly used for cancer patients, but can also be used for diseases characterized by bone marrow insufficiency.
Primary diseases for which allogeneic stem cell transplantation is done:

• acute leukemia (acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia)
• myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS),
• severe aplastic anemia and other bone marrow deficiency conditions (Fanconi anemia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, pure erythroid aplasia),
• non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,
• Hodgkin's lymphoma,
• chronic leukemia (chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic lympholeukemia).

Haploidentical Bone Marrow Transplantation at Medical Park
In this type of transplant the donor is a relative of the patient who is not fully compatible. In Turkey, the patient is first given high doses of chemotherapy before transplantation. Then the patient is transplanted with stem cells taken from a healthy donor.

The Department of Gastroenterological Surgery employs doctors with many years of experience and high-tech equipment. In Turkey, doctors establish an accurate diagnosis in a short time, perform surgical treatment and additionally prescribe quality medication therapy to achieve maximum results in a short time. This is why many patients choose Medical Park clinics for the treatment of gastroenterological diseases.

In the gastroenterology surgical department at Medical Park, doctors diagnose and treat:

• esophageal diseases (esophageal cancer, reflux esophagitis, hiatal hernia, achalasia),
• diseases of the stomach and duodenum (morbid obesity, metabolic surgery, all types of tumors),
• diseases of the stomach and duodenum (morbid obesity, metabolic surgery, all types of tumors),
• diseases of the anus and anal canal (fissures, fistulas, hemorrhoids, incontinence, prolapse, abscess), diseases of the liver, pancreas, gallbladder and biliary tract (liver cancer, echinococcal cyst, portal hypertension, gallbladder stones, cholecystitis, pancreatic cancer, pancreatic pseudocysts and all types of cysts).

At Medical Park, experienced doctors perform:

Laparoscopic Surgery for Severe Obesity
In Turkey, the main type of surgical intervention for this disease is a sleeve gastrectomy to provide rapid treatment for obesity. The use of these procedures in combination with laparoscopy minimizes complications and the rehabilitation period after interventions.

Laparoscopic surgery of gastroesophageal reflux, achalasia, and esophageal hernia of the diaphragm
In Turkey, they operate on gastroesophageal reflux (abnormalities of structure between the esophagus and stomach and the throwing of stomach contents into the esophagus), achalasia (disorders of peristaltic movement), and hernias (occurring in the esophagus and stomach).

Laparoscopic colectomy
In Turkey, Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis may require surgical removal of parts of the intestine and doctors do laparoscopic colectomy, anterior and inferior resection, which provides a quicker recovery than open surgery.

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy
Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is performed in Turkey - removal of benign adrenal tumors, malignant and hormone-active tumors by a minimally traumatic method.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
In Turkey, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is used when the formation of sand and stones in the gallbladder is associated with inflammation or stagnation. Antibiotic therapy and medications are additionally administered to achieve maximum effect.

Laparoscopic and classic operations of colon and rectal cancer
Benign tumors found in the colon and rectum are usually removed surgically if necessary. Malignant tumors are removed by surgery regardless of their size. It is also checked to see if it spreads to any other tissues. The extent of surgical intervention depends on the stage and spread of the cancer process.

Treatment of hemorrhoids, anal fissures, anal fistula and pilonidal sinus
Pilonidal sinus (hairy cyst), anal fissure, anal fistula that develops as abnormal connections in the extremity of the bowel in the pelvic region. In Turkey, an individualized plan is developed for the treatment of hemorrhoids, which may include both surgical manipulation and medication therapy.

Removal of cysts and tumors of the pancreas
Cysts and tumors can occur in the pancreas for a variety of reasons. In Turkey, in some cases, these tumors can be left under observation if they do not pose a danger to patients. In other cases, they are removed by surgery.

Surgical treatment of all types of liver tumors
Tumors of the liver are masses that in some cases do not cause any problems to the patient for many years, and in others they develop into malignant tumors. Given the size and malignancy of these tumors, they are removed at Medical Park if necessary.

Medical Park Orthopedics and Traumatology Center has highly qualified doctors who successfully treat injuries and diseases of bones and joints. The department also employs experienced rehabilitation therapists to help you recover from serious injuries or surgeries.

In Turkey, doctors at the orthopedic and trauma center work with:

• bone and joint surgery;
• endoprosthetics (hip and/or knee joint replacement);
• injuries of varying degrees;
• foot and ankle surgery;
• general orthopedics and the treatment of fractures;
• upper extremity injuries;
• pediatric orthopedics;
• rehabilitation and physical therapy;
• consequences of bone sarcoma;
• spinal cord injuries;
• sports medicine.

Also the center of orthopedics and traumatology of Medical Park actively works with professional sports clubs in Turkey: Fenerbahce, Galatasaray, Trabzonspor and others, providing teams players with highly specialized care after sports injuries.

At Medical Park's Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, world-renowned highly qualified specialists successfully provide a full range of specialized neurological services. In Turkey, thanks to the latest equipment, doctors quickly make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe the necessary treatment individually for patients.

In Turkey, neurologists use ultra-modern equipment for diagnosis and treatment:

• strokes;
• headaches;
• epilepsy;
• movement disorders;
• memory impairment;
• hydrocephalus;
• Alzheimer's disease;
• sleep disorders;
• neuromuscular problems.

The doctors of the neurology department also conduct online consultations for patients from all over the world. During the consultation in Turkey, the doctor will review all statements, test results and examinations and make recommendations on further treatment plans.

The Neurosurgery Department of Medical Park diagnoses and treats brain tumors, tumors, injuries, herniated spine, diseases of the nervous system, diseases that cause tremors and other neurological problems.

In Turkey, neurosurgeons perform:

• discectomy or microdiscectomy - removal of a herniated disc. This relieves pressure from the compressed nerve;
• laminectomy - parts of bone, bony growths, or ligaments in the back are removed. This relieves pressure on the spinal nerves and can relieve pain or weakness;
• laminotomy - parts of the vertebral arch (plates) that cover the spinal cord are removed. A laminotomy removes less bone than a laminectomy;
• A foraminotomy is the removal of bone or tissue in the passage (called the neuroforamen) where nerve roots depart from the spinal cord and exit the spinal column;
• disc replacement - an alternative to spondylodesis, a damaged disc is replaced with an artificial one;
• spondylodesis is the most common way to get rid of back pain. The doctor will join the vertebrae together where necessary. This restricts movement between them and shortens the length of the nerve.


Also, the clinics of the Medical Park network conduct an innovative method of treating Parkinson's disease, which gives 80% efficiency and improves the lives of patients. It is worth noting that the network of clinics was ranked 10th in the world among the best Parkinson's disease surgery centers.

The Department of Urology and Nephrology at Medical Park employs specialized doctors and experienced medical staff who diagnose and treat diseases related to the male reproductive system and urinary system, as well as kidney diseases in children and adults. In Turkey, doctors prescribe quality necessary treatment individually for each patient, taking into account many factors (disease and stage of disease, age, concomitant diseases, etc.). That is why thousands of patients come to Medical Park for treatment.

In Turkey, all diseases are diagnosed with modern methods on the latest equipment:

• CT (three-dimensional images of bones as well as soft tissues and vessels at different angles),
• MRI (imaging of organs or body tissues using radio waves and a magnetic field),
• Ultrasound (examination and viewing of organs, especially in the abdomen),
• urodynamic test (measurement of bladder functions),
• Biopsy (the process of taking a piece of an organ for examination).

In Turkey, doctors use drug therapy, endoscopic manipulations, open or laparoscopic surgery, and robotic technology for advanced treatment.

Medical Park's nephrology departments perform hemodialysis and offer individual therapy options using modern hemodialysis machines. Patients in need of organ transplantation are referred to the appropriate centers after all preparations in Turkey.

Hemodialysis procedure in Turkey

At Medical Park, during hemodialysis, blood is drawn and passed through a dialyzer with a semi-permeable membrane between it and the dialysis fluid in the machine. In the meantime, harmful substances that need to be removed from the blood pass into the dialysis fluid, which has a lower density, and the purified blood is returned to the body. In Turkey, this procedure is performed using a fistula placed between an artery and a vein in the arm. The fistula is placed in the arm with surgery, and from that point on it should take 3-4 weeks before the dialysis process can be performed using the fistula. In patients who cannot wait for this period and need urgent hemodialysis, dialysis is temporarily performed with catheters placed through veins in areas such as the neck and groin.

Pediatric Nephrology at Medical Park

In Turkey, the pediatric nephrologists at Medical Park are involved in diagnosis and treatment:

• parenchymatous kidney disease,
• cystic kidney disease,
• glomerular diseases,
• tubulointerstitial diseases,
• kidney damage due to systemic diseases.

In Turkey, blood and urine tests are performed in biochemical and microbiological laboratories to diagnose all these groups of nephrological diseases. When necessary, radiological tests include advanced imaging techniques such as ultrasound (Doppler), urinary cystourethrography, intravenous pyelography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, the Department of Nuclear Medicine also uses renal scintigraphic studies called DMSA, DTPA, and MAG-3.

In Turkey, the treatment of pediatric nephrological diagnoses depends on many factors (stage and type of disease, age, comorbidities, etc.). The main types of therapy for nephrological diseases can be distinguished:

• therapy with antibiotics, diuretics, and other groups of drugs,
• ureteral drainage from the ureteric pelvis with endoscopic surgical intervention,
• laparoscopic surgeries,
• stone crushing and other treatments.

Medical Park Heart Center works with all cardiovascular problems in adult patients: coronary bypass surgery, aortic aneurysm, heart valve repair and carotid surgery, varicose veins and peripheral vessels, congenital heart defects. In Turkey, doctors make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe drug therapy in addition to surgical treatment. Thanks to the comprehensive approach, thousands of cardiology patients come to Turkey and choose Medical Park.

Coronary bypass surgery in Turkey
Coronary arteries are bypassed using vascular grafts that are performed from the chest cavity, arm or leg, and in this way doctors correct the impaired blood flow to the heart and patients are protected from heart attack or heart failure. The duration of the surgery depends on the number of vessels to be bypassed and the procedure used.

Traditional coronary artery bypass grafting
In this technique, the heart is accessed through the opening of the chest. While the circulation is maintained by a heart-lung machine, the heart stops beating. Bypass surgery is performed on a heart that is not beating. This method is usually used for multivessel lesions.

Coronary bypass without bypass surgery (OPCAB)
In this method, the vessels are bypassed while the heart is still beating. The method is preferable for patients for whom the bypass machine is life-threatening.

Minimally Invasive Direct Aortocoronary Bypass (MIDCAB)
Bypass surgery is performed through a small incision between the ribs. Although the hospital stay is short and recovery is rapid, it is recommended for patients who require bypass surgery on one or two vessels.

Heart valve surgery in Turkey
Cardiac surgeons at Medical Park perform various surgeries to repair damaged heart valves. If the native valve is severely damaged and there is no way to repair it, it is replaced by an artificial one.

Open (surgical) and closed (endovascular) treatment of aortic aneurysms
To treat aortic aneurysms, cardiac surgeons use open (in rare cases) or closed (most often) methods. Endovascular (closed) is preferred because of the minimal duration of surgery and rapid recovery.

Modern methods of peripheral vascular disease therapy
A characteristic symptom of the disease is intermittent claudication (a person suffers from pain during long walks and often stops). To diagnose peripheral arterial disease, Medical Park uses angiography and CT-angiography. For therapy - drugs and balloon dilatation, stent implantation and other surgical methods.

Varicose vein surgery in Turkey
Varicose veins are very common among vascular diseases. For diagnosis in Medical Park, ultrasound Doppler is performed. After the etiology of varicose veins is established, treatment options are determined:

• External irradiation: preferred for varicose veins of red capillaries no more than 1 mm in diameter, which are called telangiectasias. Laser or radiofrequency (radio waves) are used as an energy source.
• Sclerotherapy (foam, needle therapy): usually used for varicose veins called "reticular varicose veins" and sized 1 to 3 mm in diameter. The enlarged vessel is closed by destroying the vessel wall with a sclerosing agent that is injected into the vessel.
• Miniphlebectomy: large varicosities over 3 mm in diameter in the main branches can be excised with very small incisions that do not require sutures.
• Intravascular laser radiofrequency ablation therapy: Varicose lesions of more than grade I are treated surgically or with laser radiofrequency ablation therapy. A special catheter is inserted into the vessel under ultrasound control, cauterized, ablated and occluded. This procedure requires local anesthesia.
• Modern open methods: a varicose vessel is dissected with a special catheter, which is inserted through a very small inguinal or patellar incision.
• Venous valve repair: This method requires considerable experience and is preferred when the late stages of venous reflux in the deep veins lead to swelling, pain and leg wounds. In Turkey, valve repair is performed in advanced medical facilities around the world and can be performed at the Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery.

At Medical Park Transplant Unit, experienced doctors perform about 450 kidney and liver transplants a year. In Turkey, taking into account the diagnosis, comorbidities, gender, age and many other factors, transplantologists create an individualized plan for the pre-operative period and rehabilitation after the transplant, also prescribing the necessary therapy and minimizing organ rejection. This is why hundreds of patients choose Medical Park in Turkey.


The transplant department performs transplants from both dead and living donors. Transplantation from living donors has a number of advantages, because when transplanting from a corpse the organ is outside the body and there is non-viability, whereas from a living donor this risk is minimal.

Preparing for a transplant in Turkey

At Medical Park, some tests and analyses are done before the kidney transplant.
If there are no problems as a result of the examinations and tests, the preparation for the transplant is completed within 3-4 days and the transplant is performed in Turkey. As with all organ transplants. Further, in Turkey, lifelong medication therapy is used to prevent rejection of the organ by the body, especially in the recipient. For the donor it is necessary to undergo regular checks of the kidney throughout life.

The ophthalmology department of Medical Park diagnoses and treats vitreoretinal diseases, glaucoma, yellow spot degeneration, refraction anomalies, strabismus, pediatric eye diseases, retinopathy of prematurity, retinal and corneal diseases, and also performs cataract refractive and oculoplastic surgery. In Turkey, doctors minimize side effects and guarantee a quick recovery after surgery. That is why many patients go to Medical Park for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases.

In Turkey, ophthalmology diagnostics includes multidisciplinary tests to determine major and minor diseases, computerized tomography, ultrasound, and blood pressure measurements.

Treatment methods in Medical Park:

Intravitreal injection of anti-Vegf
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important indicator and may play a key role in the development of eye disease. Retinopathy and some other eye diseases can be treated with VEGF drugs. Treatment is done by directly applying anti-VEGF drugs to the vitreous body, which is the liquid-gel part inside the eye.

Using an argon laser for photocoagulation
Argon laser photocoagulation applications are used to treat diabetic retinopathy and intraocular hemorrhages due to diabetes. This method ensures that the current quality of vision in the eye is maintained. The argon laser, which is a high-energy beam, creates small burns in the area of the retina where the blood vessels are located.

LASIK treatment in Turkey
LASIK (Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis), the reshaping of the cornea by laser, is often the preferred method of correcting focusing defects. With this method myopia up to -12 diopters and hyperopia up to +6 diopters as well as astigmatism problems are treated.

Oculoplastic surgery
Oculoplastic surgery techniques get rid of symmetrical eye irregularities, bags under the eyes, wrinkles and sagging, as well as achieve rejuvenation of the skin around the eyes.

Facomethod
Phacoemulsification at Medical Park is used to treat cataracts. In this technique, the eye is separated from the other layers with a special fluid called viscoelastic gel, which is injected into the eye through an incision of about 2 millimeters without causing any damage to the eye.

Blepharoplasty in Turkey
Aesthetic eyelid surgery is used to correct congenital eyelid discrepancies and sagging caused by aging. After blepharoplasty the eyes look younger and healthier.

Orbital surgery
Orbital surgery is used to remove tumors, inflammation, the effects of trauma or diseases related to the thyroid gland, the so-called endocrine orbitopathies.

Intraocular lenses in Turkey
Medical Park performs intrinsic lens replacement when the natural lens fails to perform its physiological function due to age changes, injury, illness or other factors.
IOLs (intraocular lenses) are indicated for:

• cataract of any severity (also in combination with other pathologies);
• refractive errors due to myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism.

At the Dental Department at Medical Park, doctors provide preventive care, treatment of oral and dental diseases, as well as dental implants and high quality dental braces. In Turkey all manipulations are carried out in strict compliance with all safety measures and maximum sterility, which eliminates the risk of any health problems in the future. This is why many patients in Turkey and Europe choose Medical Park for treatment of dental pathologies.

Endodontics
Medical Park dentists treat the pulp tissue (the deepest tissue of the tooth, which has many blood vessels and nerve endings), which is damaged due to decay that affects the deep tissues of the tooth, sometimes due to trauma. Doctors perform root canal revisions, place fillings, or resort to other methods.

Periodontology in Turkey
Doctors prescribe cleaning of tartar, root surface and surgical scraping for various gum diseases. In addition, the periodontics department diagnoses and treats conditions such as gum tissue disease around implants, bleeding gums, hypersensitivity of teeth, and bad breath.

Oral and maxillofacial surgery
Dental and maxillofacial surgery doctors handle all surgical procedures involving the teeth and oral tissues as well as the jawbones and joints. Manipulations with retained teeth, removal of cysts and lesions of the jaw bones, placement of implants, grafts, bone powder applications to correct loss of jaw bone size, recovery after jaw fractures, and apical resection.

Implantology in Turkey
Implant treatment consists of two phases: surgical, in which implants are placed in the jawbone, and removable dentures, in which dentures with add-ons are used. Implants are used to place fixed dentures or to increase the stability of removable dentures in the mouth. Thanks to advancing technology, implants can be used in almost every case.

Aesthetic Dentistry
Caries, discoloration, crowding, defects in the surface and shape of the teeth, the position of the gums in relation to the teeth negatively affect the aesthetics of the teeth. Situations affecting the aesthetics of the smile at Medical Park are corrected with modern methods of aesthetic dentistry. Doctors use whitening, composite or porcelain plate applications, porcelain Venner applications and gingival applications to improve tooth aesthetics.

Orthodontics in Turkey
Medical Park orthodontists deal with crowded teeth, bite problems, and irregularities in the relationship of the lower and upper jaws to each other. Overlapping and uneven teeth are one of the most common problems that affect the appearance of the teeth and the aesthetics of the face as a whole. Other factors, such as chipped teeth and incompatibility of jaw bone positions with each other, also have a negative impact. In addition to the aesthetic side, these problems impair chewing function. The healthiest solution to all these problems with the appearance of teeth and jaw structure is possible with eliners (clear mouth guards), trainers (silicone double jaw braces), bracket systems, and surgery.

Surgeons at the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery at Medical Park address both congenital and acquired aesthetic, dimensional and functional disorders. In Turkey experienced plastic surgeons conduct the most difficult surgeries, guaranteeing a positive desired result and avoiding the risk of complications. That is why thousands of women and men go to Medical Park for plastic surgeries.

Rhinoplasty
Surgeons at Medical Park perform rhinoplasty using two different methods: open and closed techniques. The doctor determines which method will be used, taking into account the peculiarities of the patient's skull structure and his or her wishes. These manipulations are performed under local or general anesthesia depending on the type.

• In Turkey, rhinoplasty (rhinoseptoplasty) is also used to treat:
• deviation of the nasal septum, in which breathing is difficult or blocked;
• nasal hypertrophy, in which nasal tissues swell for allergic reasons and cause nasal congestion.

Aesthetic breast surgery (breast reduction, augmentation and lift)
Aesthetic breast surgeries can be divided into three categories: breast augmentation, reduction and lift.

Silicone American implants are used in breast augmentation. Most often this surgery is performed when both breasts are small, sometimes implants of different sizes are used to ensure symmetry with other body shapes.

Breast reduction surgery aesthetically improves the appearance of overly large breasts and corrects bad posture, as well as providing a more comfortable life for women.

In Turkey, breast lift surgeries can be performed either in conjunction with other breast manipulations or separately. Depending on the time, sagging breasts can be returned to their former shape due to weight gain or breastfeeding.

Fat removal surgery (liposuction) in Turkey
At Medical Park, excess fat can be removed from the body through liposuction. This manipulation can be done surgically, but there are minimally traumatic methods:

• water jet liposuction,
• laser liposuction,
• radiofrequency liposuction (ultrasound)
• vibratory liposuction,
• chemical liposuction (used in cosmetology).

Liposuction is a way to lose weight, but it is not a solution to obesity. Therefore, it is important that the person has an ideal weight before the intervention.

Abdominoplasty in Turkey
Abdominal tissues can weaken and sag as a result of rapid weight loss after excessive weight gain or after pregnancy. Even if a person is of ideal weight, this problem causes aesthetic discomfort. A tummy tuck is not a method of weight loss. For this reason, it is important that people reach their ideal weight before this intervention.

Fat injections
It is the process of injecting fat taken from different parts of the body, especially from the abdominal area, to give a fuller appearance to certain parts of the body and face. Fat injections are mainly used in facial tissues. The method is mainly used for lip augmentation, elimination of wrinkles at the edge of the mouth, lightening of the chin, and chubby cheekbones. In addition to the face, a more aesthetic and complete appearance can be achieved with fat injections in the breast and thigh area.

Jaw and cheekbone surgeries in Turkey
Chin and cheekbone modifications are some of the most popular aesthetic surgeries. Puffy and prominent cheekbones and the tip of the chin give sharper and more aesthetic facial features, making a person look younger and more attractive. Various methods are used to brighten the chin and cheekbones. The most common are facial prostheses and implants placed surgically; fat injections, which use fat taken from different parts of the body; and temporary dermal fillers.

Aesthetic surgery on the legs
Loss of aesthetic appearance due to sagging, protrusions, curvatures, misalignments and in the legs creates discomfort for the person. At Medical Park, aesthetic surgeries can be used to correct the defects. Fat injections, aesthetic knee surgeries, prosthetics and other methods are chosen by the doctor depending on the desired result and the problem.

In Turkey, doctors perform successful in-vitro fertilization for women of all ages. At Medical Park IVF is applied taking into consideration age of future parents, ovarian capacity, body mass index, genetic differences, ovarian reactions to previous procedures and embryological development problems. This is why many couples go to Medical Park to undergo the necessary accurate diagnostics prior to IVF and the procedure itself in Turkey.

IVF consists of 5 steps. These steps are completed in a total of 4 weeks. At the first meeting with couples who want a baby, the reasons for infertility are explained and information about the tests that need to be applied to diagnose those reasons.

Analyses
Sperm analysis, uterine smears, oocyte studies, and medical history are needed to make a diagnosis of infertility, identify problems, and prescribe further stages of IVF.

Ovarian stimulation
After the tests are obtained, the second stage of IVF is started: the expectant mother comes to the doctor on the second or third day of her menstrual cycle to assess the condition of her ovaries. Based on the results, the doctor begins drug therapy for oocyte development by stimulating the ovaries, and the nurse informs the patient about how to administer the medications.

Egg collection
One of the most important steps in the IVF process is the collection of eggs. When an egg, which develops by injecting hormones, reaches the desired size and maturity, it is extracted from the uterus by injection under general anesthesia. The eggs taken from the uterus by vaginal injection are fertilized by classical IVF or by micro-injection. In classic IVF, a certain number of sperm are placed around the egg and one of them is expected to fertilize the egg. In the microinjection method, the highest quality and healthiest sperm, selected from among the sperm cells, is injected into the egg by special means.

Embryo transfer
Eggs and sperm delivered to the lab for fertilization and embryo transfer are tested, and the development of their embryos is monitored. An embryologist selects quality embryos. It is legal for women under the age of 35 to place a single embryo, and for women over 35 to place a double embryo. The quality embryo or embryos selected are placed in the uterus by the specialist with the help of a special catheter inserted in the cervix. After embryo transfer, which is done without pain or discomfort and without anesthesia, the mother-to-be is taken to rest for 45 minutes to 1 hour.

Supportive therapy
In Turkey, after the embryo transfer, the expectant mother is given supportive medication so that the embryo can be held more firmly in the uterus. After 12-15 days a beta hCG test is administered.